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Untitled — Logic pro x plugins on external drive
One of those is the snare mic, while the other is the overhead mics. The difference in time might be microscopic. But before I stumbled onto this method, it was the exact opposite. I would spend hours adjusting phase for each instrument. Solo and hard pan one mic to the left, and one to the right. If the Meter reads on the Left, or -1 side, use the Gain plugin to flip the phase of one of the tracks:.
In the case of a bass amp and DI, you may need to push the DI back quite a bit! Instead, fixing phase can be about the easiest thing on your mix list.
Question: Why not use the delay parameter in the region box in the left upper corner? It can do negative numbers. Hey Moritz! You certainly could do that. For me it feels like you have a lot of fine control over delaying signals by Samples. OMG Chris…! You crushed it again with this post. Thank you SO much. Hey Charles, so glad this post was helpful! Our download links are from safe sources and are frequently virus scanned to protect you. Unlike all Logic versions before 9, there is no option to manually show the EXS where to look for the samples.
If you are lucky enough to have the original old hard drive you created the samples on, and you are able to somehow connect it to your Mac – it will work. But copy the folder of samples to your new drive s and it stops working. Lots of long standing bugs have never been fixed in Logic, but with every update new bugs are introduced.
Good luck running a session relying on punching into a track. Zoom settings are having random weird problems. They are all excellent and capable DAWs. However, after using Logic Pro X, it is hard to migrate to any other music software. I find myself able to create music with relative ease that the other DAWs just are not capable of. The MIDI capabilities alone are second to none in Logic and the ability to compose music in all styles makes it the best of the best.
Another huge plus is the constant and free updates Apple provides… updates that are really upgrades in the quality and number of plug-ins and soft instruments built into the program. Composing music or just recording a band is easy with this software.
You can open projects from Logic 5 or later with the latest version of Logic Pro. Information about products not manufactured by Apple, or independent websites not controlled or tested by Apple, is provided without recommendation or endorsement. Apple assumes no responsibility with regard to the selection, performance, or use of third-party websites or products.
Apple makes no representations regarding third-party website accuracy or reliability. Contact the vendor for additional information. Where can I purchase Logic Pro? What are the system requirements for Logic Pro? What’s new in Logic Pro?
Is a trial version of Logic Pro available? Is there a specially-priced updated version for existing Logic users?
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With this definitive guide to sound reinforcement design and optimization, Bob McCarthy shares his expert knowledge and effective methodology developed from Network controller for cable TV distribution system Download PDF geographical or meteorological information using EPGs [Electronic Programme Guides]
Logic pro x alignment guides free download
r16 release notes — 86 KB. Download r16 Build Released 07 8月 iPods [DSOF] – List Editor: Review short-term changes made to some list editor in r dll not running [DSOF] – Changing between different Drivers will make all ASIO outputs go “Unknown” [DSOF] – QuickCal correspondence point rendering doesn’t work with feed-proxied Projectors [DSOF] – List Editor: Fix scrolling [DSOF] – Changing bit depth via NvAPI fails occasionally depending on current display mode [DSOF] – Video in 5 to 16 get lost forever after send them to the trash until project restart [DSOF] – ObjectView items remain at previous size after deleting long text [DSOF] – OmniCal: VimabCamServer writes temp files to project directory [DSOF] – Root cause vx 4 stall on quit [DSOF] – Omnical.
DMX channels of axis created with a DMX screen position receiver driver overlaps [DSOF] – Audio will stop and Video skips frames if the mode is changed from timecode to normal via sockpuppet. file handling [DSOF] – OmniCal – When OmniCal not setup, ‘NoneType’ notification when user clicks “Resets plan projectors” [DSOF] – EDID emulation control on GUI and non-VFC heads is error prone and difficult to find [DSOF] – Multi Transport Track selection doesn’t work in x to r No column exists for “Name” error for Projector multi-selection [DSOF] – ListEditor: primary selection row does not support multi-row actions when selected using keyboard [DSOF] – Audio crackles and pops with multiple multichannel files and audio layer [DSOF] – OmniCal: View capture can only show white level and grid images of first projector in list [DSOF] – Access violation when updating projector control device when using simulation config [DSOF] – List Editor: Unable to lock multiple camera bookmark by clicking the first selected camera bookmark [DSOF] – List Editor: Multi-select and multi-edit does not work with MultiTransport Manager [DSOF] – Cue set list: Long Cue set list severely degrades frame rate [DSOF] – OmniCal: RigCheck fails to open if original plan data is not available [DSOF] – installer: include VimbaCamServer.
py [DSOF] – Tracking: MoSysF4 driver displays name twice in data monitor. pdf — 79Kb. This is the last bit version of the software. x relating to disk monitor [Projector Calibration] Reference point placement not always correct if the cursor is slightly off the mesh being calibrated to [Projector Calibration] Manage Reference points at surface extremes in particular models not handled well [Sockpuppet] Unexpected jumps while looping video via Sockpuppet.
Known issues. Upgrading bit to bit Sockpuppet shows There may be issues upgrading Sockpuppet projects from bit to bit in x builds. If your project falls into this category, please contact support disguise. one who can arrange a project upgrade for you Permissions error after installing On a small number of machines, a python-based permissions error will prevent software from starting. This issue can be solved by restarting Windows. Potential UI performance regression with long and busy timelines With either long or busy timelines containing e.
pdf — 82Kb. HDMI-VFC Support for new HDMI-VFC cards N. this requires OS 4. Video Output Better EDID management to cope with updated AMD driver this driver is to be released in the OS image 4. Audio Intermittent crackling when playing back audio files. Upgrading bit to bit Sockpuppet shows. There may be issues upgrading Sockpuppet projects from bit to bit in one who can arrange a project upgrade for you Permissions error after installing On a small number of machines, a python-based permissions error will prevent the software from starting.
Alt Arrow Expressions drop. Investigate node-red swagger plugin errors which occur when using our specs. Rewrite undistortion tests, so they don’t cause CI agent hangs. Improve slow [auth] [benchmark] tests, so they don’t take so much time on CI agents. seq folder makes image sequence unusable inside the software [DSOF] – Fixed an issue where Unpack.
Snapshots: extended ASCII codes in snapshot names are unsupported Cannot open sequencing for openmodule Update project from r Log RMAX last error when methods fail. OmniCal: store test data in version control. Move Blob Detector Corpus testdata to version control repo Build agents need to support SSH cloning from commandline or change corpus sync to use different methods. When deleting video input d3 crashes Unreal plugin switches levels to invisible Fix Projector Grouping corpus tests Not able to Duplicate a feed rectangle in a Feed Map and Use on a Second Surface.
Update rivermax. lic bundled with installer to latest Renderstream failure messages “no frame” and “no source” are ambiguous.
add updated. log from user’s TEMP folder, if it exists [DSOF] – Camera editor is too unwieldy – introduce separator hierarchy. DSOF – LTC playback improvements for Windows 8 DSOF – Fixed an issue where some video inputs in a Notch layer were not selectable DSOF – Support for Bluefish driver 6.
DSOF – Intermittent crash to desktop, currently under investigation DSOF – Multi User Edit in UE requires preferred sync adapter to be set to a network adapter which is available to all machines Workaround: Often the preferred sync adapter is set to the 25Gb network to facilitate faster sync. Workaround: Not known Affects version: r Release Notes — 61 KB.
DSOF – Indirections assigned to bank slots are now recallable from sockpuppet DSOF – Indirections assigned to bank slots now persist after project restart.
DSOF – Intermittent issue – Heap Corruption causing Crash To Desktop Workaround: Not known Affects version: r DSOF – Adding crossfade to a video on the track will no longer cause an Access Violation DSOF – Fixed an issue where a RenderStream layer is still active after the stream is stopped, causing errors upon receiving new Image Parameters which have an incompatible resolution DSOF – Fixed an issue where “Manage RenderStream Workloads” was not launching all nodes in a cluster.
Workaround: Add a static eentry into the local systems ARP table. Download — 61 MB. uproject” found in Renderstream Projects folder DSOF – Camera switching is no longer broken when frontplate is in minimal latency mode DSOF – rslogs folder is now correctly included in diagnostics DSOF – RenderStream Active Latency no longer causes excessive stuttering when not set to a multiple of the refresh rate DSOF – Mapping Quick Select slots no longer allow for non MultiChannel mappings to be applied on RenderStream layers.
DSOF – Renderstream workload actions Start, Stop Sync will now be greyed out when the corresponding operation is in progress. The Sync button will grey out while there are running sync operations, on completion of all operations success or failure the button will no longer be greyed out The Stop button will be greyed out when the workload is not running The Start and Sync buttons will be greyed out when the workload is running The Start button will be greyed out while there are running sync operations.
DSOF – Modifying colour shift parameters will now work as expected. DSOF – Fixed an issue where set extensions did not take into account population masks of screen objects on stage layer or set extension addition layer. DSOF – Fixed an issue where add blend mode results would be presented incorrectly when not using ACES mode.
r18 changelog. r18 Release Notes — 69 KB. Download r18 Build Released 14 4月 removeBeat test [DSOF] – OmniCal: Camera position not saved between project restarts. mov causes d3 to crash. Important – Remove entries when done or re-image system!!! ScreenPositionExpression may cause clipping of objects on outputs Fix case where interlaced fields may be out of order on Deltacast capture cards. DSOF – Fixed an issue where the Installer would fail because visual studio runtime is not installed.
DSOF – RenderStream: Unable to use failover machine if an engine has crashed Workaround: Not Known Affects version: r DSOF – Actors are regularly launching out of focus Workaround: Not known Affects Version: OS related DSOF – Very large NotchLC content can cause d3 to lose access to GPU device Workaround: Not Known Affects Version: r DSOF – Unreal will no longer crash when no default map is set.
DSOF – Aspect ratio in openCV for camera calibration is now used correctly instead of inferred from other data. DSOF – Properties of an audio clip are now viewable without a gui error. DSOF – Renderstream playback will no longer stall intermittently on non-controller machines in some cases. DSOF – Performance will no longer degrade when viewing the workload instance tooltip DSOF – Dmx Lights will now output correctly even when not starting at universe 1 or the dmx device does not cover universe 1 DSOF – Alpha and additive blend modes will now blend alpha correctly in the compositor stack and precomps.
DSOF – Users BI opt out checkbox will now properly be set to your selected preference on remote install DSOF – colour calibration LUTs will now always get get re-enabled after running a Pre-calibration capture DSOF – Update rivermax.
lic files in new installers to be up-to-date and fixed an issue where the update button for rivermax licenses would download the wrong file. RenderStream Plugin Fixes.
Unreal Plugin DSOF CameraActors which are children do not respect hierarchy when used with 2D mappings DSOF RenderStream channels set up as children of an EmptyActor in UE do not respect the actors location. r20 changelog. r20 Release Notes — KB. Download r20 Build Released 01 12月 DSOF – Localisation of d3 DSOF – xR Spatial Calibration API DSOF Layer Stack DSOF – MR Set API DSOF – Manual AR calibration tool.
DSOF – Auto-update CodeMeter Time Certificates during installation DSOF – Remote install of d3 on an rx, via d3 manager will kill applications that use RenderStream DSOF – Notch: list of layer sources update properly DSOF – Media Ingestion History – Change import date from UTC to local time.
DSOF – Actors are regularly launching out of focus Workaround: Not Known Affects version: OS related DSOF – Very large NotchLC content can cause d3 to lose access to GPU device Workaround: Not Known Affects Version: r DSOF – Bluefish SDK on 4×4 and 4×2 is lower than driver version.
DSOF – Fixed an issue where Barco Omnical Stacking workflow doesn’t call on Shutter position DSOF – Fixed a purecall crash on exit for d3 servers DSOF – Fixed an issue where the installer fails because visual studio runtime is not installed. DSOF – OmniCal: fix for calibration error in results is 0 if projector failed should be -1 DSOF – OmniCal: fix for potential access violation on shutdown prevents saving Alignment data DSOF – Add stack trace to texture allocation errors DSOF – Unbounded memory growth in actor monitoring manager DSOF – Plugins cannot save schema without a license.
DSOF – Fix for applying feed settings while alt-tabbing results in an out of memory DSOF – Fixed an issue with multiple cameras in a spatial map render the top cam in the list to all other cam’s view.
DSOF – Fixed an error when hovering over points in camera observation debugger DSOF – Fixed Camera Calibration upgrade error when upgrading from r DSOF – Fixed ‘NoneType’ error when setting videoin to “Unmapped” in Quick Edit view DSOF – Fixed an error after moving PreCompDisplay to trash or renaming it and restarting the project.
DSOF – Fixed an issue where projects created and re-opened in r DSOF – Ability to render undistorted front plate content DSOF – Include track timecode in FBX export DSOF – Unity: provide unique names for exposed parameters DSOF – Remove swapStypeFovZoom option switch DSOF – replace Backplane detection in Authorisation with info from d3service DSOF – OmniCal: save simulated camera plan poses to JSON, to help plan import on different d3 projects DSOF – 3D Parallel Maps DSOF – Make the histogram class support negative values and statistics DSOF – Remove coordinates from solved secondary observations DSOF – OmniCal: Investigate slow load time when opening view calibration DSOF – Update to ADL cpp files DSOF – build: split up RMAXd3.
h header, to reduce dependencies on d3manager and DLLs DSOF – Enable onDirtyResource detection without requiring ResourceTransport to be active DSOF – build: ndirelay should not need to link against blip.
DSOF – Fix for RenderStream streams which are disabled via excluded mappings are still subscribed to, wasting bandwidth DSOF – Fix for set extension feather performance being very poor.
DSOF – OmniCal: Implemented a fix for Point Cloud updating once when changing deform settings DSOF – Fix for OSC string expression only being accessed with array syntax at index [0] DSOF – Fix for string expression causes!!!!! string too long error notification DSOF – Fix for mappings not being categorised correctly DSOF – Fix for right-clicking an object on the far edges of the visualiser will show the properties of the visualiser camera instead DSOF – Fix for left-clicking and dragging on the outer left or right edges of the GUI makes the visualiser camera swivel DSOF – Fix d3manager reporting x3 25g ports DSOF – Fix for applying ACES IDT on camera objects DSOF – Fix for Unreal instances sometimes starting minimised DSOF – Fix for when Source Machine in RenderStream is set to Any the asset will sync from any machine on the network with that asset, not just those in the current pool.
DSOF – ACES: Fix for d3 test pattern looks different in ACES sRGB vs Gamma space sRGB DSOF – XR: Fixed for Colour Calibration creating inverted luts if camera capture phase is out of sync. DSOF – Fixed the r18 build leaving an unusable shortcut on Windows Desktop for RenderStream. DSOF – Fixed an issue where the Installer would not create start menu shortcut to d3 manager on a rx.
This indicates that the d3state has gone bad. This could potentially cause a project corruption. Workaround: Not known, but limited success was found by reverting to a last known good history file, attempt a re-installation of disguise software DSOF – Intermittent issue – Heap Corruption causing Crash To Desktop Workaround: Not known Affects version: r Release Notes r DSOF – Cameras will no longer switch out of sync when renderstream layers exist on an inactive track DSOF – Improved performance of XR with 4K camera outputs DSOF – Improved stability of machine sync and startup in large sessions.
DSOF – Fixed an issue where camera switching would randomly stop working DSOF – Fixed an issue where camera switching was incorrect for newly created Renderstream layers DSOF – Fixed an Access Violation when changing Editor to an Actor. DSOF – Installer now creates a desktop shortcut to d3 manager on a rx.
DSOF – Unreal will now launch with the flag RenderOffScreen to force the stream to run in background. This saves performance and stops it running minimised. If needed, Advanced Project setting forceUnrealRenderStreamWindow will reverse behaviour. DSOF – Added an option to disable remote RenderStream logging as it can saturate the network.
DSOF Fixed an access violations and crash to desktop when RenderStream assets change on editor or director DSOF – Prevented RenderStream machine consoles being sent to non-controller machines on the network. pdf — KB. Display Management – Improve reliability of genlock on gx 1 Display Management – Address gx and plus range failure to start in headless mode. Current known issues.
Audio We have reports of users experiencing audio clicking or popping. If you experience this try the following workarounds: Reduce the volume of the audio.
We are noticing that our interaction with drivers adds volume which can result in clicking Use WASAPI instead of ASIO. The prevalence of clicking is more pronounced on ASIO Edit the Hammerfall settings to reduce the Output Level see screengrab below Audio clicking during high performance Additionally, under heavy load, if a project starts to drop frames this may have a knock-on effect on the audio, especially if embedded into a video file Downgrade your x project to Notes: Only downgrades from releases r It is recommended not to exceed 64 grid points OmniCal Doing a rig check from simulated plan to actual cameras for the first time can result in the physical cameras being not found.
Workaround: run the rig check with simulated cameras Legacy known issues VR VR entails on additional render overhead This may result in a poor performance Upgrading bit to bit Sockpuppet shows There may be issues upgrading Sockpuppet projects from bit to bit in This issue can be solved by restarting Windows Potential UI performance regression with long and busy timelines With either long or busy timelines containing e.
Audio Audio clicking or popping and audio drifting out of sync with video under heavy load – click here for full advisory. pdf — 81KB. Major Fixes Camera – MSAA defaulting to on impacts performance, default should be set to off Licensing -Ensure license checks cater for disguise OmniCal cameras Other fixes [GUI] Upgrade LegacyVideo Layers unnecessarily requires a GroupLayer to be expanded in order to upgrade [Layers] A multi-selection of Legacy Video layers from within a group will fail to upgrade to Video layer.
Major improvements: d3Manager – Warn users if there is an incompatibility between a later software version and earlier OS versions of the pro range Other improvements: [VFC] Notify user when HDMI VFC cards are used in an OS that does not support them. VR VR entails on additional render overhead This may result in a poor performance Upgrading bit to bit Sockpuppet shows There may be issues upgrading Sockpuppet projects from bit to bit in DSOF – Fixed an issue with 6G SDI video inputs are not working on vx 2 servers DSOF – Fixed remote machine FPS indicators not working.
Multiple sets of decompression hardware may be used to decompress video and control signals. The set top terminal may then overlay and combine the different signals to form the desired display on the subscriber’s television.
Graphics on video and picture-on-picture are examples of such displays. 単一のデジタル圧縮の標準（例えば、ＭＰＥＧ）を番組配送システムと連結されたケーブルテレビシステム２１０との両方に対して使用してもよいが、使用する圧縮技術がその２つのシステムの間で異なってもかまわない。圧縮標準がその２つの媒体の間で異なる場合、ケーブル・ヘッドエンド２０８によって受信された信号は、ケーブル・ヘッドエンド２０８からセットトップ端末２２０に送信される前に、圧縮解除されなければならない。その後、ケーブルヘッドエンド２０８が、信号を再び圧縮して、セットトップ端末２２０に送らなければならず、セットトップ端末２２０は、次に、特定の圧縮解除アルゴリズムを用いて信号を圧縮解除する。 A single digital compression standard eg, MPEG may be used for both the program distribution system and the cable television system connected to it, but the compression technique used differs between the two systems.
It doesn’t matter. If the compression standard is different between the two media, the signal received by the cable head end must be decompressed before being transmitted from the cable head end to the set top terminal The cable head end must then compress the signal again and send it to the set top terminal , which then decompresses the signal using a particular decompression algorithm.
The subscriber interface is a device provided with buttons arranged on the set-top terminal or the portable remote controller In the preferred embodiment of this system, the subscriber interface is a remote control device combining alpha-characters, numbers and icons, providing direct or menu-driven program access. The preferred subscriber interface also includes cursor movement and execution buttons in addition to alphabet, number and icon buttons.
Depending on the subscriber interface and menu arrangement, the subscriber can view the menu sequentially by selecting from a plurality of menu options displayed on the television screen.
In addition, the user can bypass multiple menu screens and select programs immediately by selecting the appropriate alphabet, number and icon combination on the subscriber interface. In this preferred embodiment, the set-top terminal generates menus to be displayed on the television by creating an array of specific menu templates, with specific menu and sub-menu options for each available video signal.
Is displayed. Operations Center and Digital Compression System The Operations Center provides two main services: television program packaging and program control information signal generation.
At the operations center , television programs are received from external program sources in both digital and analog formats. Examples of external program sources are sports events, children’s programs, specialized channels, news, or any other program source that can provide audio and visual signals. When a program is received from an external program source, operations center digitizes and preferably compresses all program signals received in analog form.
The operations center can also maintain an internal program storage device. Internally stored programs may be in analog or digital form and stored in permanent permanent or volatile memory sources including magnetic tape and RAM. Following receipt of the program, the operations center packages the program into groups or categories, thereby providing subscribers with optimal marketing of the program.
For example, the operations center can package the same program in different categories and menus for the prime time viewing hours of Saturdays and the viewing hours on Saturday afternoons. The operations center packages television programs in such a way that various menus can easily represent the program and subscribers can easily access the program through the menu. デジタル信号のパッケージ化（パッケージング）は、典型的には、オペレーション・センタ２０２で、コンピュータ援助パッケージング装置（ＣＡＰ）によって行われる。ＣＡＰシステムは、通常は、少なくとも１つのコンピュータ・モニタと、キーボードと、マウスと、標準的なビデオ編集装置と、を備えている。番組作成者（プログラマ）は、ある種の情報をＣＡＰに入力することによって、信号をパッケージ化する。この情報には、日付と、時間帯（タイムスロット）と、種々の番組の番組カテゴリーと、が含まれる。番組作成者とＣＡＰとは、パッケージ化のタスクを行う際に、人口に関するデータや視聴率を利用する。番組作成者は、利用可能な番組のプールから種々の番組を選択して必要な情報を入力した後で、ＣＡＰから援助を受けて、種々の番組に対して価格を選択しトランスポンダ・スペースを配分することができる。このプロセスが完了した後、ＣＡＰは、番組作成者の入力に対応するドラフト・メニュや番組スケジュールを表示する。ＣＡＰは、トランスポンダ・スペースの配分を図式的に表示できる。番組作成者は、番組スケジュールに満足するまで、メニュ及びトランスポンダ配置を数回編集することができる。編集の間には、番組作成者は、ＣＡＰに対する簡単なコマンドを備えたメニュ上で、任意の番組名の正確な配置を指図し得る。 The packaging of digital signals is typically performed at the operations center by a computer aided packaging device CAP.
A CAP system typically includes at least one computer monitor, a keyboard, a mouse, and a standard video editing device. The program creator programmer packages the signal by inputting certain information into the CAP.
This information includes date, time zone time slot , and program categories of various programs. Program creators and CAPs use population data and audience ratings when performing packaging tasks. The program creator selects various programs from the pool of available programs and enters the required information, then receives assistance from the CAP to select prices and allocate transponder space for the various programs can do.
After this process is complete, the CAP displays a draft menu or program schedule corresponding to the program creator’s input. The CAP can graphically display the transponder space allocation. The program creator can edit the menu and transponder arrangement several times until satisfied with the program schedule.
During editing, the program creator can direct the exact placement of any program name on a menu with simple commands to the CAP. パッケージ化のプロセスによって、また、必要な衛星トランスポンダによるグループ化が行われている。オペレーション・センタ２０２は、異なったグループの番組を、異なったケーブル・ヘッドエンド２０８及び／またはセットトップ端末２２０に送ることができる。オペレーション・センタ２０２がこのタスクを成し遂げる１つの方法は、異なった番組パッケージを各トランスポンダに送ることである。各トランスポンダ又はトランスポンダの組は、次に、特定の番組パッケージを、特定のケーブル・ヘッドエンド２０８及び／またはセットトップ端末２２０に中継する。トランスポンダ・スペースの配分は、オペレーション・センタ２０２によって行われる重要な仕事である。 The packaging process is also grouping by the required satellite transponder.
One way for the operations center to accomplish this task is to send a different program package to each transponder. Allocation of transponder space is an important task performed by the operations center As a result, the cable headend in the region is not tied to providing only programs sent from the operations center The new set-top converter has both digital and analog channels.
Thus, the cable head end can combine the analog signal with the digital signal before sending the program signal to the set top terminal 信号のパッケージ化に加えて、オペレーション・センタ２０２は、デジタル圧縮技術を用いて、少なくとも４対１の比率で、現存する衛星トラスポンダの容量を増加させ、その結果、番組搬送容量を４倍に増加させることとなる。多数のデジタル圧縮アルゴリズムが現在存在し、結果として、容量の増加をもたらすと共に、このシステムにとって望ましい信号の質を改善する。前記アルゴリズムは、一般に、次に挙げる３つの基本的なデジタル圧縮技術の中の１つ又は複数を用いる。すなわち、（１）フレーム内（イントラフレーム）圧縮と、（２）フレーム間（インターフレーム）圧縮と、（３）キャリヤ内圧縮と、である。特に、この好適実施例では、ＭＰＥＧ２の圧縮方法が使用される。デジタル圧縮の後で、信号が合成（多重化、マルチプレクス）され、符号化される。次いで、合成された信号は、種々のアップリンク・サイト２０４に伝達される。 In addition to signal packaging, the operations center uses digital compression technology to increase the capacity of existing satellite transponders by a factor of at least 4 to 1, resulting in a fourfold increase in program carrying capacity.
Will be allowed to. A number of digital compression algorithms currently exist, resulting in increased capacity and improved signal quality desired for this system. The algorithm generally uses one or more of the three basic digital compression techniques listed below. That is, 1 intraframe intraframe compression, 2 interframe interframe compression, and 3 intracarrier compression.
In particular, in this preferred embodiment, the MPEG2 compression method is used. After digital compression, the signals are combined multiplexed, multiplexed and encoded. The combined signal is then communicated to various uplink sites The uplink site can be located at the same geographical location or can be located away from the operations center When the composite signal is transmitted to the uplink site , it is multiplexed with other signals, modulated, upconverted, and amplified for transmission on the satellite.
Multiple cable ends can receive signals transmitted in this manner. 複数のアップリンクに加えて、番組配送システム２００は、複数のオペレーション・センタをも含み得る。複数のオペレーション・センタを使用するのに好適な方法は、オペレーション・センタの中の１つをマスタ・オペレーション・センタとして、残りのオペレーション・センタをスレーブ・オペレーション・センタとして、指定することである。この構成では、マスタ・オペレーション・センタは、同時送信の同期化など、スレーブ・オペレーション・センタの間で種々の機能を調整し、動作の負荷を効率的に分配する。 ４．ケーブル・ヘッドエンド オペレーション・センタ２０２が番組信号を圧縮して符号化し衛星に送信した後に、ケーブル・ヘッドエンド２０８は、その信号を受信して更に処理し、その後、信号は各セットトップ端末２２０に中継される。各ケーブル・ヘッドエンドの場所には、複数の衛星受信機ディッシュ（ｓａｔｅｌｌｉｔｅ ｒｅｃｅｉｖｅｒ ｄｉｓｈ）が備えつけらえれている。各ディッシュは、１つの衛星、時には複数の衛星からの、複数のトランスポンダ信号を扱うことができる。 In addition to multiple uplinks, program delivery system may also include multiple operation centers.
A preferred method for using multiple operation centers is to designate one of the operation centers as a master operation center and the remaining operation centers as slave operation centers. In this configuration, the master operations center coordinates various functions among the slave operations centers, such as simultaneous transmission synchronization, and efficiently distributes the operational load.
Cable Headend After the operations center compresses and encodes the program signal and transmits it to the satellite, the cable headend receives the signal and further processes it, after which the signal is sent to each set-top terminal A plurality of satellite receiver dishes are provided at each cable head end location.
Each dish can handle multiple transponder signals from one satellite, sometimes from multiple satellites. セットトップ端末２２０とオペレーション・センタ２０２（あるいは他の離間した場所）との間の中継として、ケーブル・ヘッドエンド２０８は、２つの主要な機能を果たす。第１に、ケーブル・ヘッドエンド２０８は、番組信号を各加入者宅のセットトップ端末２２０に中継することによって、分配センタとして又は信号プロセッサとして働く。更に、ケーブル・ヘッドエンド２０８は、各セットトップ端末２２０からの情報を受信し、その情報をオペレーション・センタなどの情報収集サイトに送ることによって、ネットワーク・コントローラ２１４として機能する。 As a relay between the set top terminal and the operations center or other remote location , the cable head end serves two main functions.
First, the cable head end acts as a distribution center or signal processor by relaying program signals to the set-top terminals at each subscriber’s home. Furthermore, the cable head end functions as the network controller by receiving information from each set-top terminal and sending the information to an information collection site such as an operations center. Cable head end provides such signaling capability in a dual role as signal processor and network controller 信号プロセッサ２０９として、ケーブル・ヘッドエンド２０８は、各セットトップ端末２２０への送信のためにケーブル・ヘッドエンド２０８が受信する番組信号を準備する。この好適なシステムにおいて、信号プロセッサ２０９は、オペレーション・センタ２０２から受け取った信号とデジタル情報とを、再送信又はデマルチプレクスし、そして再結合し、また、信号の異なった部分を異なった周波数範囲に割り当てる。異なった加入者に異なった番組提供を行うケーブル・ヘッドエンド２０８は、オペレーション・センタ２０２からの番組情報を種々の態様で配分し、異なる視聴者に適応する。信号プロセッサ２０９は、また、ローカルな番組及び／又はローカルな広告を番組信号に組み入れ、その修正した信号をセットトップ端末２２０に転送する。ローカルな番組を利用できるようにするためには、信号プロセッサ２０９は、デジタル又はアナログ形式のローカル信号を、オペレーション・センタの番組信号と合成しなければならない。ローカルなケーブル・システムがオペレーション・センタ２０２が用いている圧縮基準と違った圧縮基準を用いている場合には、信号プロセッサ２０９は、また、入力信号を圧縮解除し再圧縮し、それによって、信号がセットトップ端末２２０への送信のために適切にフォーマットされるようにしなければならない。このプロセスは、標準が発達するにつれて（すなわちＭＰＥＧ２）、重要性が低下する。更に、信号プロセッサ２０９は、任意の必要な信号解読及び／又は暗号化を行う。 As signal processor , cable head end prepares the program signal that cable head end receives for transmission to each set top terminal In this preferred system, the signal processor retransmits or demultiplexes and recombines the signal and digital information received from the operations center , and also different portions of the signal in different frequency ranges.
Assign to. A cable headend that provides different programs to different subscribers distributes program information from the operations center in various ways to accommodate different audiences. In order to be able to use local programs, the signal processor must synthesize digital or analog local signals with the operations center program signals.
If the local cable system uses a compression standard that is different from the compression standard used by the operations center , the signal processor also decompresses and recompresses the input signal so that the signal Must be properly formatted for transmission to the set-top terminal This process becomes less important as standards develop ie MPEG2. The main function of the network controller is to manage the configuration of the plurality of set top terminals and the process signals received from the set top terminals In this preferred embodiment, network controller monitors, among other things, an automatic poll-back response from set-top terminal remotely located at each subscriber home.
Polling and automatic report-back cycles occur at a frequency that allows the network controller to maintain accurate information about calculations and billing in addition to channel access granted by the monitor.
In the simplest embodiment, the information sent to the network controller is stored in RAM within each subscriber’s set-top terminal and is retrieved only upon polling by the network controller The search can be performed, for example, daily, weekly, or monthly.
Network controller allows the system to maintain complete information about all programs being monitored using a particular set top terminal Therefore, if a particular request for an individual set-top terminal cannot be pre-provided to the operations center , the network controller may allow the delivery system to adapt to such a request.
This capability allows the network controller to handle the complex program needs of the region, such as interactive television services, split screen video, and different foreign language selections for the same video. Status and billing information is sent from the set-top terminal directly to the network controller at the cable headend rather than directly to the operations center Thus, control of program monitoring and selection is controlled by the local cable company and its distributed network controller ie, distributed to the operations center located in the center of the program distribution system By the cable head end alone.
The local cable company in turn communicates with an operations center or a regional control center not shown that collects data returned from the set-top terminal for statistics and billing purposes.
In another system embodiment, the operations center and the statistics and billing site are in the same location. In addition, information is transferred from the set top terminal to a statistics and billing site using a telephone line with a modem.
Set Top Terminal The set top terminal is a part of the program delivery system in the subscriber’s home. The set-top terminal is usually placed above or below the subscriber’s television, but as long as it is within range of the subscriber’s remote control device , any set-top terminal in or near the subscriber’s home Can be placed on site. In some respects, the set top terminal is similar to the converter box already used in many cable systems.
For example, each set-top terminal may include encoding techniques such as various error detection, decoding, and anti-taping encoding. However, it will become clear from the following description that set-top terminals can perform many functions that a normal converter box cannot do. セットトップ端末２２０は、複数の入力ポートと出力ポートとを有し、これによって、他のローカルな及び離間している装置と通信可能である。セットトップ端末２２０は、ケーブル・ヘッドエンド２０８から情報を受信する入力ポートを有する。更に、このユニットは、セットトップ端末２２０からテレビ及びＶＣＲへの通信を提供する、少なくとも２つの出力ポートを有する。何らかのメニュを選択すれば、セットトップ端末２２０は、制御信号をＶＣＲに直接に送り、ＶＣＲを直接にプログラムし又は動作させる。また、セットトップ端末２２０は、メンテナンス、トラブル・シューティング、再プログラミング、及び付加的な顧客のための特徴（ｃｕｓｔｏｍｅｒ ｆｅａｔｕｒｅｓ）のために使用され得る電話ジャックを含む。セットトップ端末２２０は、また、ステレオ／オーディオ出力端子や衛星ディッシュ用入力ポートを含み得る。 The set top terminal has a plurality of input ports and output ports so that it can communicate with other local and remote devices.
The set top terminal has an input port for receiving information from the cable head end In addition, the unit has at least two output ports that provide communication from the set top terminal to the television and VCR.
If any menu is selected, the set-top terminal sends a control signal directly to the VCR to program or operate the VCR directly. The set-top terminal also includes a telephone jack that can be used for maintenance, troubleshooting, reprogramming, and additional customer features. 機能的に、セットトップ端末２２０は、配送システムの鎖（チェーン）の中の最終の構成要素である。セットトップ端末２２０は、圧縮された番組及び制御信号を、ケーブル・ヘッドエンド２０８から（又は、時には、オペレーション・センタ２０２から直接に）受信する。セットトップ端末２２０が個別に圧縮された番組及び制御信号を受信した後で、その信号は、デマルチプレクスされ、圧縮解除され、（もし必要なら）アナログ信号に変換され、（そこからメニュ・テンプレートを作成できる）ローカルな記憶装置に記憶されるか、直ちに実行されるか、又は、直接にテレビスクリーンに送られる。 Functionally, the set-top terminal is the final component in the delivery system chain.
The set top terminal receives the compressed program and control signals from the cable headend or sometimes directly from the operations center After the set-top terminal receives individually compressed program and control signals, the signals are demultiplexed, decompressed and converted to analog signals if necessary from which a menu template.
Stored in a local storage device, executed immediately, or sent directly to the television screen. ケーブル・ヘッドエンド２０８から受け取った信号を処理した後で、セットトップ端末２２０は、メニュ・テンプレートのアレーを用いることによって加入者のテレビ上に表示されるメニュを作成するためのメニュ・テンプレートを記憶することができる。メニュが構成される前に、メニュ・テンプレートを作成し、記憶させるためにセットトップ端末２２０に送らなければならない。マイクロプロセッサが、オペレーション・センタ２０２あるいはケーブル・ヘッドエンド２０８から受け取った制御信号を使用して、記憶用のメニュテンプレートを発生する。各メニュ・テンプレートは、セットトップ端末２２０内の揮発性メモリに記憶され得る。セットトップ端末は、テンプレート情報を受信した際に、ケーブル・ヘッドエンド２０８から受け取った番組制御信号を、４つの主要部分、すなわちビデオ、グラフィックス、プログラム・ロジック、テキストにデマルチプレクスする。各メニュ・テンプレートは、メニュ背景、テレビのロゴ、カーソル・ハイライト・オーバレイ、メニュを作成するのに必要な種々雑多な構成要素などの、メニュ全体の中の異なった部分を表す。オペレーション・センタ２０２又はケーブル・ヘッドエンド２０８から受け取った制御信号を用いて、メニュ・テンプレートを削除したり変更したりすることもできる。 After processing the signal received from cable headend , set-top terminal stores a menu template for creating a menu to be displayed on the subscriber’s television by using an array of menu templates.
can do. Before the menu is constructed, a menu template must be sent to the set-top terminal for creation and storage. A microprocessor uses a control signal received from the operations center or cable head end to generate a menu template for storage. Each menu template may be stored in volatile memory within the set top terminal When the set top terminal receives the template information, it demultiplexes the program control signal received from the cable headend into four main parts: video, graphics, program logic, and text.
Each menu template represents a different part of the overall menu, such as the menu background, television logo, cursor highlight overlay, and various miscellaneous components needed to create the menu. Menu templates may be deleted or modified using control signals received from the operations center or the cable head end メニュ・テンプレートがメモリに記憶されると、セットトップ端末２２０は、適当なメニュを発生することができる。この好適実施例では、基本的なメニュ・フォーマット情報はセットトップ端末２２０内に配置されたメモリに記憶され、それによって、マイクロプロセッサは、入力信号からではなく、セットトップ端末からの情報に局所的にアクセスできる。マイクロプロセッサは、次に、メニュ・テンプレートとメモリに記憶された他のメニュ情報とから、適当なメニュを発生させる。そして、セットトップ端末２２０は、加入者が選択した入力に対応する特定のメニュを、加入者のテレビ・スクリーン上に表示する。 Once the menu template is stored in memory, the set top terminal can generate the appropriate menu.
In this preferred embodiment, the basic menu format information is stored in a memory located within the set top terminal so that the microprocessor is local to the information from the set top terminal rather than from the input signal. Can be accessed. The microprocessor then generates an appropriate menu from the menu template and other menu information stored in memory.
The set top terminal then displays a specific menu corresponding to the input selected by the subscriber on the subscriber’s television screen. To do. The set top terminal then decompresses the signal channel and, if necessary, converts the program signal to an analog NTSC signal, which allows the subscriber to view the selected program.
The set-top terminal can be equipped to be able to decompress more than one program signal, but since the subscriber typically only watches one program at a time, this equipment reduces the cost of the unit. Raise as needed. However, to improve picture-on-picture capabilities and control signal decompression, and to improve channel switching and other similar features, two or three decompressions It is desirable to provide a device.
メニュ情報に加えて、セットトップ端末２２０は、ケーブル・ヘッドエンド２０８又はオペレーション・センタ２０２から送られたテキストを記憶することもできる。このテキストは、加入者に、やがてやってくるイベント、料金請求及び口座の状態、新しい予約番組、その他の関連情報を伝える。そのテキストは、テキスト・メッセージ使用の頻度と期間とに依存して、メモリの適当な位置に記憶されるであろう。 In addition to the menu information, the set top terminal can also store text sent from the cable head end or the operations center This text tells the subscriber about upcoming events, billing and account status, new scheduled programs, and other relevant information.
The text will be stored in an appropriate location in memory, depending on the frequency and duration of text message usage. また、加入者のセットトップ端末２２０の性能を高めるグレードアップを、オプションで利用できる。これらのグレードアップは、セットトップ端末２２０に設けた拡張スロット内に挿入されるカートリッジ又はコンピュータカード（図示せず）から構成されるか、又は、ケーブル・ヘッドエンド２０８又はそのユーザが加入しているオペレーション・センタ２０２によって提供される特徴から構成され得る。利用できるグレードアップは、オンラインでのデータベース・サービス、対話型マルチメディア・サービス、デジタル・ラジオ・チャンネルへのアクセスなどを含み得る。 Also, upgrades that enhance the performance of the subscriber’s set-top terminal can optionally be used.
These upgrades consist of a cartridge or computer card not shown inserted into an expansion slot provided on the set-top terminal , or subscribed by the cable head end or its user. It can consist of features provided by the operations center Available upgrades may include online database services, interactive multimedia services, access to digital radio channels, and the like. 最も簡単な実施例においては、ゼネラル・インスツルメント社やサイエンティフィック・アトランタ社などの製造による市販のコンバータ・ボックスを修正し性能を高めて、セットトップ端末２２０の機能を実行させる。好ましいグレードアップは、コンバータ・ボックスに電気的に接続される、又は挿入されるマイクロプロセッサを備えた回路カードである。 ６．リモコン装置 加入者とセットトップ端末との間の通信のための主要なコンジットは、加入者インターフェース、好ましくはリモコン（リモート・コントロール）装置９００を介したものである。このインターフェースを通じて、加入者は、システムのメニュ駆動方式を介して、又は、実際のチャンネル番号を入力し特定のチャンネルに直接アクセスすることによって、所望の番組を選択し得る。このインターフェースを用いることによって、加入者は、一連の情報を与える番組選択メニュ内を行き来できる。メニュ駆動型、アイコン、又はアルファベットによるアクセスを使用することによって、加入者は、選択のためにメモリーから呼び出して実際のチャンネル番号を押下するのではなく、単にただ１つのボタンを押すことによって、所望の番組にアクセスできる。加入者は、リモコン９００上の数字キーを用いる（対応するチャンネル番号を押すこと）、又は、メニュのアイコン選択肢の１つを用いることによって、レギュラー放送や基本的なケーブルテレビ局にアクセスすることができる。 In the simplest embodiment, a commercial converter box manufactured by General Instruments, Scientific Atlanta, or the like is modified to enhance performance and perform the functions of set-top terminal A preferred upgrade is a circuit card with a microprocessor that is electrically connected to or inserted into the converter box.
Remote control device The main conduit for communication between the subscriber and the set top terminal is via the subscriber interface, preferably a remote control device Through this interface, the subscriber can select the desired program via the system’s menu drive system or by entering the actual channel number and accessing the specific channel directly. By using this interface, a subscriber can navigate back and forth within a program selection menu that provides a series of information.
By using menu driven, icon or alphabetic access, the subscriber can select the desired channel by simply pressing a single button rather than calling from memory and pressing the actual channel number for selection. Subscribers can access regular broadcasts and basic cable television stations by using the numeric keys on the remote control by pressing the corresponding channel number or by using one of the menu icon choices.
加入者が容易にケーブル・システム２００と対話可能になることに加え、加入者インターフェース９００の物理的な特性が、システムのユーザとの親密性を向上させなければならない。リモコン９００は、ユーザーの手のひらに容易に適合しなければならない。好適なリモコン９００のボタンは、加入者が容易に識別できる絵で表したシンボルを含む。また、同様の機能を実行するボタンをカラー・コーディネートするとか、区別可能な手触りにしてシステムのユーザーとの間の親密度を高めるようにしてもよい。 ７．メニュ駆動型の番組選択 メニュ駆動方式により、加入者は、映画のヒット作から、スポーツ特集や特別番組までにわたる全ての主要なメニュにワンステップでアクセスできる。主要メニュのどれからでも、加入者は、カーソルやアルファベットによるアクセスによって、順番に、サブメニュやマイナーメニュにアクセスできる。 In addition to making it easy for subscribers to interact with the cable system , the physical characteristics of the subscriber interface must improve intimacy with the users of the system.
The remote control must easily fit in the palm of the user. The buttons on the preferred remote control include pictorial symbols that can be easily identified by the subscriber. In addition, buttons that perform similar functions may be color-coordinated, or may be distinguished from each other to increase intimacy with the user of the system. Menu driven program selection The menu driven system allows subscribers to access all major menus, from movie hits to sporting specials and special programs in one step.
From any of the main menus, subscribers can access sub-menus and minor menus in turn by cursor or alphabetic access. この好適実施例で用いられるメニュには、番組選択メニュと番組間（ｄｕｒｉｎｇ ｐｒｏｇｒａｍ）メニュとの２つの異なるタイプのメニュがある。第１のメニュである番組選択メニュは、紹介（ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｏｒｙ）メニュ、ホーム・メニュ、主（ｍａｊｏｒ）メニュと、サブメニュとから成る。第２のメニュである番組間メニュは、秘密（Ｈｉｄｄｅｎ）メニュと番組オーバレイ・メニュとの２つの基本（プライマリー）メニュから成る。 There are two different types of menus used in this preferred embodiment: a program selection menu and a programming program menu.
The program selection menu, which is the first menu, includes an introduction menu, a home menu, a major menu, and a submenu. The second menu, the inter-program menu, consists of two basic menus, a secret menu and a program overlay menu. 加入者がセットトップ端末２２０をオンするとすぐに、紹介メニュが加入者をシステムに歓迎する。紹介メニュには、その地域のケーブル・フランチャイズからの重要な発表、ケーブル提供者からの広告、又は他のタイプのメッセージを表示し得る。更に、紹介メニュは、ケーブル・ヘッドエンド２０８がその加入者の特定のセットトップ端末２２０に個人的なメッセージを送ったかどうかを、加入者に知らせることができる。 As soon as the subscriber turns on the set-top terminal , an introductory menu welcomes the subscriber to the system.
The referral menu may display important announcements from local cable franchises, advertisements from cable providers, or other types of messages.
In addition, the referral menu can inform the subscriber if the cable headend has sent a personal message to that particular set-top terminal for that subscriber. 紹介メニュ表示された後で、加入者は次のレベルのメニュ、すなわちホーム・メニュに進むことができる。この好適実施例では、ある時間が経過すると、ケーブル・システムは、ホーム・メニュの選択がないとして、加入者を次に進める。ホーム・メニュから、加入者は、全ての番組オプションにアクセスできる。加入者は、リモコン９００から適当なチャンネル番号を入力することによって番組を直接に選択することもできるし、又はホーム・メニュから開始する次のレベルのメニュ・オプションを通って順番に進むこともできる。ホームメニュは、主メニュと呼ばれる第１のレベルに対応するカテゴリーを表示する。 After the introduction menu is displayed, the subscriber can proceed to the next level menu, the home menu.
Evaluating Statistical Multiple Sequence Alignment in Comparison to Other Alignment Methods on Protein Data Sets. Selection of conserved blocks from multiple alignments for their use in phylogenetic analysis. Improvement of phylogenies after removing divergent and ambiguously aligned blocks from protein sequence alignments. BMGE Block Mapping and Gathering with Entropy : a new software for selection of phylogenetic informative regions from multiple sequence alignments.
A Monte Carlo approach successfully identifies randomness in multiple sequence alignments: a more objective means of data exclusion. PREQUAL: detecting non-homologous characters in sets of unaligned homologous sequences. Accounting for alignment uncertainty in phylogenomics. かつては、モデル選択はKakusanやAminosan［ [] Tanabe AS. Kakusan4 and Aminosan: two programs for comparing nonpartitioned, proportional and separate models for combined molecular phylogenetic analyses of multilocus sequence data.
Molecular Ecology Resources. ModelFinder: fast model selection for accurate phylogenetic estimates. PartitionFinder 2: New Methods for Selecting Partitioned Models of Evolution for Molecular and Morphological Phylogenetic Analyses. ModelTest-NG: A New and Scalable Tool for the Selection of DNA and Protein Evolutionary Models. jModelTest: Phylogenetic model averaging. ProtTest 3: fast selection of best-fit models of protein evolution.
SMS: Smart Model Selection in PhyML. Accurate Model Selection of Relaxed Molecular Clocks in Bayesian Phylogenetics. NJ法、MP法、ML法、およびBI法は 図９：系統樹推定手法の選択指針。系統樹推定手法を選択するためのダイアグラム（右）とより良い系統解析を行うために必要な注意点（左ボックス）。. UFBoot2: Improving the Ultrafast Bootstrap Approximation. A rapid bootstrap algorithm for the RAxML Web servers. Evaluating Fast Maximum Likelihood-Based Phylogenetic Programs Using Empirical Phylogenomic Data Sets. ML系統樹が構築できる他に有名なソフトウェアとしてはPhyML［ [] Guindon S, Dufayard JF, Lefort V, Anisimova M, Hordijk W, Gascuel O.
New algorithms and methods to estimate maximum-likelihood phylogenies: assessing the performance of PhyML 3. Sinauer Associates; PAML 4: phylogenetic analysis by maximum likelihood. A modification of the PHYLIP program: A solution for the redundant cluster problem, and an implementation of an automatic bootstrapping on trees inferred from original data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. MrBayes 3.
Bayesian phylogenetic and phylodynamic data integration using BEAST 1. Virus Evolution. BEAST 2. PLOS Computational Biology. Bayesian Evolutionary Analysis with BEAST: Cambridge University Press; Rapid Neighbour-Joining. Proceedings of the 8th Workshop in Algorithms in Bioinformatics; Springer Verlag. 大規模な系統樹を構築しなければいけない場合は、計算を簡略化することで著しく高速なML系統樹推定を実現したFastTree［ [] Price MN, Dehal PS, Arkin AP.
FastTree approximately maximum-likelihood trees for large alignments. Deep distributed computing to reconstruct extremely large lineage trees. ここまでは遺伝子の系統樹を推定するソフトウェアを紹介してきたが、種の系統樹を推定するソフトウェアも列挙しておく。複数種類の遺伝子配列データから種系統樹を構築するための方法は、複数のMSAを結合してから系統樹を構築するSupermatrix法と、遺伝子ごとに系統樹を構築してから系統樹を集約するSupertree法の二つに大きく分けられる［ [] Janies D, Studer J, Handelman S, Linchangco G. A comparison of supermatrix and supertree methods for multilocus phylogenetics using organismal datasets.
ASTRAL-Pro: Quartet-Based Species-Tree Inference despite Paralogy. ASTRAL-II: coalescent-based species tree estimation with many hundreds of taxa and thousands of genes. TreeMerge: a new method for improving the scalability of species tree estimation methods. Bayesian Inference of Species Trees from Multilocus Data. GeneRax: A Tool for Species-Tree-Aware Maximum Likelihood-Based Gene Family Tree Inference under Gene Duplication, Transfer, and Loss.
Phylogenetic Reconstruction Based on Synteny Block and Gene Adjacencies. iTOL［ [] Letunic I, Bork P. Interactive Tree Of Life iTOL v5: an online tool for phylogenetic tree display and annotation. GGTREE: an R package for visualization and annotation of phylogenetic trees with their covariates and other associated data. Methods in Ecology and Evolution. phangorn: phylogenetic analysis in R. APE: Analyses of Phylogenetics and Evolution in R language.
Jalview Version 2-a multiple sequence alignment editor and analysis workbench. さまざまな系統解析を一つの環境で行うことができるGUIソフトウェアとして最もよく使われているのがMEGA［ [77] Tamura K, Stecher G, Kumar S.
DAMBE7: New and Improved Tools for Data Analysis in Molecular Biology and Evolution. fr: new generation phylogenetic services for non-specialists. Precise phylogenetic analysis of microbial isolates and genomes from metagenomes using PhyloPhlAn 3. phyloFlash: Rapid Small-Subunit rRNA Profiling and Targeted Assembly from Metagenomes.
Reproducible, interactive, scalable and extensible microbiome data science using QIIME 2. SINA: accurate high-throughput multiple sequence alignment of ribosomal RNA genes. A Darwinian Uncertainty Principle. A standardized bacterial taxonomy based on genome phylogeny substantially revises the tree of life.
MSAは系統樹推定の出発点であるため、MSAの精度が分子系統解析の精度を左右する［ [12] Portik D, Wiens J. Multiple sequence alignment accuracy and phylogenetic inference. Next-generation phylogenomics. Biology Direct. A Simulation-Based Approach to Statistical Alignment. Phylogenetic Tree Estimation With and Without Alignment: New Distance Methods and Benchmarking.
標準手法に不可欠な工程とされてきたトリミングについても疑義が呈されている。Tanらは、一般にMSAのトリミングは系統樹推定の精度をむしろ下げてしまうことを大規模なシミュレーションによって示した［ [13] Tan G, Muffato M, Ledergerber C, Herrero J, Goldman N, Gil M, et al.
このように、MSAにおける問題のある領域について、標準手法に従ってトリミングしてしまう方法と、Tanらの提案のようにトリミングしない方法を比較してきたが、第三の道として、問題のある領域を他の領域と区別しつつ、系統樹推定のために生かすアプローチも提案されている。ここでは二つのソフトウェアを紹介する。一つ目はAliらによるDivvier［ [] Ali RH, Bogusz M, Whelan S. Identifying Clusters of High Confidence Homologies in Multiple Sequence Alignments.
Phylogeny-aware gap placement prevents errors in sequence alignment and evolutionary analysis. Relative Efficiencies of Simple and Complex Substitution Models in Estimating Divergence Times in Phylogenomics.
Relative Model Fit Does Not Predict Topological Accuracy in Single-Gene Protein Phylogenetics. ModelTeller: Model Selection for Optimal Phylogenetic Reconstruction Using Machine Learning. QMaker: Fast and accurate method to estimate empirical models of protein evolution. The book follows the audio signal path from the mix console to the audience and provides comprehensive information as to how the sound is spread over the listening area. The complex nature of the physics of speaker interaction over a listening space is revealed in terms readily understandable to audio professionals.
Complex speaker arrays are broken down systematically and the means to design systems that are capable of being fully optimized for maximum spatial uniformity is shown. The methods of alignment are shown, including measurement mic placement, and step-by-step recipes for equalization, delay setting, level setting, speaker positioning and acoustic treatment.
Logic pro x alignment guides free download
Setting up a Template project with a few tweaks here and there could save you time in the по ссылке and increase your workflow.
Because if you follow this tutorial, you should have to do everything just once and then hopefully your future production источник will be easier. This is an ideal scenario for the majority of us who use Logic Pro X in the same way and for the same kinds of music production, whenever we boot the software up to compose. So stick with us while we guide you through the process of setting up a project, tailoring it to suit you and your music, creating templates and speeding up your workflow.
And if you are an страница user, who knows, logic pro x alignment guides free download might see Logic in a new light, and you might save time too.
Focus On — Your Audio Interface You will need a decent audio interface when recording with Logic and our tutorial helps you assign and здесь up a Template project for use with one. You can get really simple ones that allow a couple of tracks to be recorded and played back, or complex multi input and output interfaces that allow entire band performances to be recorded into Logic for editing later.
We will create a new Template file…. Select your logic pro x alignment guides free download input device and sample rate from the drop down menus on the left. Similarly you want the main outputs of Logic linked to the speakers that you have connected to the outputs of your interface.
All of this is included and you should only have to do this here very often it will already be set up for you. In this case we want this track to be our record input so have assigned it to 1 on the Saffire.
In our case we simply have the mono input from a synth. Here they are shown as channels 1 and 2 out. Our main inputs and outputs for our project are now set and our interface assigned. If we hit the logic pro x alignment guides free download icon top left we can see our track and its Input is set to channel 1 on our interface.
This tutorial is endorsed by Point Blank. You can study sound to picture on their Music Production Diploma courses, with pro industry tutors. Behringer fulfils promise to donate 1, synths and headphones logic pro x alignment guides free download underprivileged children. Hardware Instruments. Review: Line Audio CM4.
Review: Eventide UltraTap. Experimenting with vocal plug-ins on non-vocal material. Apple Logic Pro. Steinberg Cubase. Ableton Live.
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